1 netstat简介netstat命令用于查看Linux系统整个网络情况,包括网络连接、路由表和接口状态等信息,可以让用户实时知道当前有哪些网络连接正在运行。 1.1 命令格式netstat [options] 1.2 netstat常用options
1.3 netstat示例 1)显示系统所有使用TCP协议的网络状态信息(包括监听中的) root@LTY:/opt # netstat-atnetstat -atActive Internetconnections (servers and established)Proto Recv-QSend-Q Local Address ForeignAddress Statetcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTENtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc 0.0.0.0:* LISTENtcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTENtcp6 0 0 [::]:19100 [::]:* LISTENtcp6 0 0 [::]:sunrpc [::]:* LISTENtcp6 0 0 kwephicprd29864:19100 17.116.196.199:36470 ESTABLISHED 2)显示系统所有处于监听状态的,且使用UDP协议的网络状态信息,使用IP和端口号代替主机名和域名 root@LTY:/opt # netstat-ulnActive Internetconnections (only servers)Proto Recv-QSend-Q Local Address ForeignAddress Stateudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 17.116.196.199:123 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:*udp6 0 0 :::111 :::*udp6 0 0 ::1:123 :::*udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* 3)显示系统所有处于监听状态的,且使用TCP协议的网络状态信息,以及哪些程序占用了端口(PID和进程名) root@LTY:/opt # netstat-tlpActive Internet connections(only servers)Proto Recv-QSend-Q Local Address ForeignAddress State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3277/sshdtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3113/rpcbindtcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN 3277/sshdtcp6 0 0 [::]:19100 [::]:* LISTEN 3192/node_exportertcp6 0 0 [::]:sunrpc [::]:* LISTEN 3113/rpcbind 4)显示系统核心路由信息 root@LTY:/opt # netstat-rKernel IProuting tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Ifacedefault _gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth017.243.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.254.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 2 ifconfig简介ifconfig命令用于配置和显示linux内核中网络接口的网络参数。使用ifconfig配置的接口参数,重启后(包括网卡重启和主机重启)配置就不存在。如果想将配置信息永久有效,则需修改网卡的配置文件。 2.1 命令格式ifconfig [device] [options] 2.2 ifconfig常用options
2.3 ifconfig示例 1)查看所有运行的网络接口信息 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 17.116.196.199 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 17.116.196.255 inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe3f:a480 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether fa:16:3e:3f:a4:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 7782706 bytes 520022836 (495.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1495677 bytes 197520347 (188.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo:flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 24 bytes 2040 (1.9 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 24 bytes 2040 (1.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 2)查看eth0接口信息 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0eth0:flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 17.116.196.199 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 17.116.196.255 inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe3f:a480 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether fa:16:3e:3f:a4:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 7782843 bytes 520030208 (495.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1495698 bytes 197522870 (188.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 3)临时关闭eth0,接着重新开启eth0 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 downroot@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 uproot@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 4)设置eth0 IPV4地址 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 17.116.196.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 up 5)设置eth0的最大传输单元 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 mtu 1500 6)修改eth0的MAC地址 root@LTY:/opt # ifconfigeth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE 说明:直接使用ifconfig命令新增 or 修改设备配置,仅为临时有效,当设备重启 or 主机重启,这些配置将会失效。如果想永久生效,则需要修改对应的配置文件,例如eth0,则需要在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0添加配置命令。 推荐阅读: 【linux从放弃到入门】cat、more、less命令 【linux从放弃到入门】col、tr、join命令 【linux从放弃到入门】Linux sort命令 【linux从放弃到入门】linux find命令 看完本文有收获?请分享给更多的人 在技术成长的路上,让我们一起进步吧 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 我们尊重原创,也注重分享,文章来源于微信公众号:码农之屋,建议关注公众号查看原文。如若侵权请联系qter@qter.org。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |